The American Heart Association has issued critical guidance on protecting cardiovascular health during cold weather, emphasizing that winter conditions significantly increase risks for heart attacks, strokes, and cardiac arrest. As temperatures drop, blood vessels contract and coronary arteries constrict, raising blood pressure and creating additional strain on the cardiovascular system. This physiological response, combined with strenuous winter activities, creates a dangerous combination for those with existing heart conditions.
Hypothermia presents another serious threat, occurring when the body cannot produce enough energy to maintain adequate internal temperature. Symptoms include lack of coordination, mental confusion, slowed reactions, shivering, and sleepiness. People with heart disease often experience angina pectoris (chest pain or discomfort) in cold weather, while cold and flu season brings additional medication concerns. The association advises consulting health care professionals before taking over-the-counter medications, supplements, or substances, especially for those with high blood pressure.
Proper winter attire forms the first line of defense against these risks. Layering clothing traps air between layers, creating protective insulation, while covering the head prevents significant heat loss. The ears are particularly vulnerable to frostbite, and keeping hands and feet warm is essential as they lose heat rapidly. Physical exertion requires special caution during winter months, as the body already uses extra energy to stay warm. The association recommends taking breaks, avoiding overexertion, and paying attention to bodily signals when engaging in activities like walking through snow or shoveling.
Hydration remains crucial even without the sensation of thirst, as the body continues to lose fluids despite reduced sweating. Winter beverages like pumpkin spiced lattes and hot chocolate often contain unwanted sugar and fat, while alcohol can increase warmth sensation and cause underestimation of physical strain. Special attention should be given to elderly individuals, who may have lower subcutaneous fat and diminished temperature sensitivity, putting them at risk for unrecognized hypothermia.
Recognizing heart attack warning signs and taking immediate action can save lives. The association emphasizes that minutes matter and recommends calling 911 even when uncertain about symptoms. With emergency medical services potentially delayed during severe weather, learning Hands-Only CPR becomes particularly valuable. This technique, which involves calling 911 and pushing hard and fast in the center of the chest, can double or triple survival chances for the more than 350,000 cardiac arrests occurring outside hospitals annually. Additional information about cold weather and cardiovascular disease is available at heart.org.
